Amit Pandey

Work place: School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India

E-mail: e21soep0035@bennett.edu.in

Website:

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Biography

Amit Pandey received the M.Tech. degree in computer science from the Deenbandhu Chotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, Haryana, India. He is currently a Research Scholar with the Computer Science Department, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India. His research interests include semantic segmentation for biomedical image segmentation, Image fusion techniques, Transformers and Explainable Artificial intelligence and Generative AI.

Author Articles
SWT-PnP-DnCNN: Medical Image Fusion Using Stationary Wavelet Transform and Plug-and-Play Deep Denoising Model

By Amit Pandey Prabhishek Singh Akansha Singh Achyut Shankar Manoj Diwakar

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijigsp.2026.03.11, Pub. Date: 8 Jun. 2026

This paper presents a hybrid medical image fusion (MIF) technique (SWT-PnP-DnCNN) that combines multiscale decomposition, spatial-frequency-driven fusion, and deep denoising priors to efficiently integrate MIF images. The SWT-PnP-DnCNN begins with the Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) to decompose input medical images into low-frequency (LFSBs) and high-frequency (HFSBs) subbands. The LFSBs are fused using spatial frequency-based weighted averaging, effectively integrating overall intensity and contrast information. For the HFSBs, a local energy and max-selection strategy is adopted to retain salient edge features from the source images. Following the initial fusion, a Plug-and-Play (PnP) optimization strategy is applied to improve this fused image. This step uses a pretrained DnCNN model as a deep denoiser, serving as an implicit image prior in a model-driven iterative framework. Each iteration alternates between a data consistency step and a denoising step, significantly reducing artifacts and enhancing structural fidelity in the result. The effectiveness of SWT-PnP-DnCNN is demonstrated on benchmark CT-MRI, MRI-PET, and MRI-PET datasets. Extensive evaluation against classical hybrid strategies and recent CNN-based fusion methods shows that SWT-PnP-DnCNN achieves the best performance across standard metrics. We further include mean±std reporting and paired t-tests, confirming statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05). Ablation studies validate each design choice by comparing SWT-only vs. SWT+PnP and evaluating denoiser alternatives, with sensitivity to PnP iterations, regularization strength, and SWT levels. The runtime analysis clarifies feasible deployment, particularly in offline or cloud-based environments. Overall, SWT-PnP-DnCNN emerges as a robust, interpretable, and clinically valuable solution for enhancing MIF in medical imaging applications.

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