Work place: Department of Basic Science and Humanities, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721171, India
E-mail: anirban_das@cemk.ac.in
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Research Interests:
Biography
Anirban Das is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Basic Science and Humanities at the College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, West Bengal, India. He obtained his M.Tech in Materials Engineering from NIT Durgapur and completed his Ph.D. from Sikkim Manipal University. His research interests include condensed matter physics, materials science, machine learning applications, and quantum computing for material property prediction.
By Anji Reddy Vaka G. Niveditha Anirban Das Kasiprasad Mannepalli Rajesh Nekkanti Jamunadevi C.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijigsp.2026.05.12, Pub. Date: 8 Oct. 2026
This paper introduces BlinkFusion, a real-time, interpretable, and detector-independent pipeline for analyzing blink events. The system finds eye ROIs using YOLOv5 as the main detector and a Haar cascade as a backup that has been calibrated. It then stabilizes the detections using lightweight tracking. A small landmark regressor inside each ROI gives six points to calculate the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), which keeps the geometric meaning. An uncertainty-weighted smoother combines pose, landmark, and detector confidence. An online hysteresis state machine with minimum-duration and derivative gates makes blink onsets and offsets. Platt-calibrated and fused detector confidences make strong arbitration possible at a reasonable cost. Performance is assessed on EyeBlinkDB (RGB ≥25 fps, ~720p), using subject-independent 10-fold splits and temporal-IoU matching. The model achieves Precision 0.928 ± 0.008, Recall 0.945 ± 0.008, F1 0.936 ± 0.008, AP@tIoU=0.3 = 0.962 ± 0.006, with timing precision of 28.1 ± 1.7 ms onset MAE and 37.1 ± 2.3 ms offset MAE. Condition stratification validates robustness: The values for Bright/Dim F1 are 0.947/0.922, for Frontal/±15°/≥30° yaw F1 they are 0.952/0.936/0.903, for Glasses (No/Yes) they are 0.946/0.925, and for Occlusion (No/Yes) they are 0.948/0.906. With adaptive scheduling (YOLO invocation rate ρ≈0.045), pipeline runs at about 32 FPS on the CPU (about 90 FPS on the observed frame loop) with a fixed 3-frame delay, which is fast enough for real-time use on cheap hardware. Ablations demonstrate progressive improvements resulting from calibrated fusion, tracking, quality-weighted EMA, and hysteresis (F1: 0.903 → 0.952). The approach is modular (you may switch the detector), doesn't need bounding boxes, and makes judgments that can be explained using EAR traces and thresholds. So, BlinkFusion is a useful, ready-to-use solution for HCI and clinical contexts that need clear, accurate, and quick blink analytics.
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