Anji Reddy Vaka

Work place: Department of CSE, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh 535005, India

E-mail: anjisoftware@hotmail.com

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Biography

Anji Reddy Vaka is currently serving as Professor and Vice-Principal (Academics) in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. He received his B.E. degree from Anna University, Chennai, and M.Tech degree from GMR Institute of Technology. He completed his Ph.D. from the National Institute of Technology, Silchar. His research interests include Medical Image Processing, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Artificial Intelligence. He has published several research papers in reputed journals and conferences and is a Senior Member of IEEE.

Author Articles
BlinkFusion: A Detector-Agnostic, EAR-Interpretable, Real-Time Blink Analysis Pipeline (YOLOv5 + Haar Fallback)

By Anji Reddy Vaka G. Niveditha Anirban Das Kasiprasad Mannepalli Rajesh Nekkanti Jamunadevi C.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijigsp.2026.05.12, Pub. Date: 8 Oct. 2026

This paper introduces BlinkFusion, a real-time, interpretable, and detector-independent pipeline for analyzing blink events. The system finds eye ROIs using YOLOv5 as the main detector and a Haar cascade as a backup that has been calibrated. It then stabilizes the detections using lightweight tracking. A small landmark regressor inside each ROI gives six points to calculate the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), which keeps the geometric meaning. An uncertainty-weighted smoother combines pose, landmark, and detector confidence. An online hysteresis state machine with minimum-duration and derivative gates makes blink onsets and offsets. Platt-calibrated and fused detector confidences make strong arbitration possible at a reasonable cost. Performance is assessed on EyeBlinkDB (RGB ≥25 fps, ~720p), using subject-independent 10-fold splits and temporal-IoU matching. The model achieves Precision 0.928 ± 0.008, Recall 0.945 ± 0.008, F1 0.936 ± 0.008, AP@tIoU=0.3 = 0.962 ± 0.006, with timing precision of 28.1 ± 1.7 ms onset MAE and 37.1 ± 2.3 ms offset MAE. Condition stratification validates robustness: The values for Bright/Dim F1 are 0.947/0.922, for Frontal/±15°/≥30° yaw F1 they are 0.952/0.936/0.903, for Glasses (No/Yes) they are 0.946/0.925, and for Occlusion (No/Yes) they are 0.948/0.906. With adaptive scheduling (YOLO invocation rate ρ≈0.045), pipeline runs at about 32 FPS on the CPU (about 90 FPS on the observed frame loop) with a fixed 3-frame delay, which is fast enough for real-time use on cheap hardware. Ablations demonstrate progressive improvements resulting from calibrated fusion, tracking, quality-weighted EMA, and hysteresis (F1: 0.903 → 0.952). The approach is modular (you may switch the detector), doesn't need bounding boxes, and makes judgments that can be explained using EAR traces and thresholds. So, BlinkFusion is a useful, ready-to-use solution for HCI and clinical contexts that need clear, accurate, and quick blink analytics.

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