Work place: University of Tunis Elmanar, Faculte´ des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia
E-mail: moncef.ghazel@fst.utm.tn
Website: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-945X
Research Interests:
Biography
Moncef Ghazel is a Tunisian mathematician and researcher at the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar. He earned his Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1995, focusing on algebraic topology. His research interests include algebraic topology, category theory, and topological structures. Dr. Ghazel has contributed to the study of loop groups, fibrewise topology, and Reedy diagrams in model categories. His recent work includes the articles \Kan extendable subcategories and fibrewise topology (2024), Thin loop groups (2020), and Reedy Diagrams in V-Model Categories (2019), reflecting his focus on combining categorical methods with topological and homotopy-theoretic structures.
By Fethi Kadhi Moncef Ghazel Malek Ghazel
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijmsc.2026.01.04, Pub. Date: 8 Feb. 2026
This paper investigates the digits of π within a probabilistic framework based on Markov chains, proposing this model as a rigorous tool to support the conjecture of π’s uniformity. Unlike simple frequency analyses, the Markov approach captures the dynamic structure of transitions between digits, allowing us to compute empirical stationary distributions that reveal how local irregularities evolve toward global equilibrium. This ergodic behavior provides quantitative, model based evidence that the digits of π tend toward fairness in the long run. Beyond its mathematical significance, this convergence toward uniformity invites a broader conceptual interpretation.
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