Ferda Ernawan

Work place: Computing Program, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan Pahang, 26600, Malaysia

E-mail: ferda@umpsa.edu.my

Website: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-1594

Research Interests:

Biography

Ferda Ernawan is an academic and researcher in the field of computer science who currently serves as an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Computer Science at Al-Sultan Abdullah University, Pahang, Malaysia. He earned his Doctorate (Ph.D.) in Computer Technology from Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) in 2014. He is widely known for his contributions in digital security research, image processing and expert systems. Currently, in addition to UMPSA, he is also listed as having a profile in SINTA (Science and Technology Index) Indonesia which is affiliated with Nusa Mandiri University. He also actively collaborates with other institutions such as FMIPA UNNES in research programs and guest lecturers.

Author Articles
RAFA-BioAuth: Risk-Adaptive and Fairness-Aware Biometric Authentication for Secure Mobile Banking

By Dendy K. Pramudito Jufriadif Naam Ferda Ernawan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijieeb.2026.04.04, Pub. Date: 8 Aug. 2026

This research examines RAFA-BioAuth, a risk-adaptive, fairness-aware framework for mobile banking in cases of presentations and facial occlusions. The proposed solution combines aspects of: Identity Similarity, Passive Presentation Attack Detection (PAD), Asymmetric Financial-Risk Estimation and Fairness Regularization at the Identity Level. For evaluation purposes, all benchmark datasets were split into subject disjoint training, validation, and testing sets. The threshold values from the validation set were used. Bootstrap resampling was employed to estimate the variance. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the risk. The results showed that identity verification (AUC = 0.548) and PAD (AUC ≈ 0.55) were poor. Comparing RAFA to the AND rule resulted in FAR = 0.20, FRR = 0.31, and expected risk = 340. On the other hand, the AND rule had lower FAR of 0.09, but increased FRR to 0.78. Finally, a conservative end-to-end approach produced an FRR of 0.686. Thus, our results indicate trade-offs rather than production-readiness as we did not perform deployment, cross-device, or cross-dataset validations on our solutions. We present the contributions of this research as being an interpretable integration and not a new algorithm.

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