Koteswara Rao Makkena

Work place: School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravathi, 522237, India

E-mail: makkena.21phd7131@vitap.ac.in

Website:

Research Interests: Deep Learning

Biography

Dr. Karthika Natarajan earned her Bachelor of Engineering (BE) and Master of Engineering (ME) degrees from Anna University, followed by advanced research at the National Institute of Technology, Trichy. She has served as a Research Fellow on a project sponsored by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). Her primary research interests include information retrieval, machine learning, and deep learning. Dr. Natarajan has published her work in renowned journals and conferences and is an active member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Author Articles
Hepatitis C Diagnosis using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms and Ensemble Learning Techniques

By Karthika Natarajan Koteswara Rao Makkena

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijitcs.2026.02.10, Pub. Date: 8 Apr. 2026

Hepatitis, a severe and highly impactful disease, poses significant challenges for healthcare systems, including limited diagnostic resources, delayed detection, and inadequate treatment infrastructure. This work addresses these issues by developing a machine-learning predictive system to classify hepatitis severity. By employing Logistic Regression, Random Forest, SVM, KNN, and ensemble techniques such as AdaBoost, CatBoost, and Gradient Boosting, the system enhances early detection and severity assessment. The issue of class imbalance was addressed using ADASYN and SMOTE methods applied to two separate datasets. For Dataset 1, following the use of the ADASYN technique, the achieved accuracies were 88.11% for Logistic Regression, 98.92% for Random Forest, 97.30% for AdaBoost, and 96.22% for Gradient Boosting. When SMOTE was employed on Dataset 1, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting reached accuracies of 98.38% and 96.76%, respectively. In the case of Dataset 2, AdaBoost achieved an accuracy of 93.75% after applying both ADASYN and SMOTE. These models analyze clinical data to deliver accurate, timely predictions, reducing the burden on resource-constrained healthcare systems. Ensemble methods enhance model robustness and accuracy, supporting improved decision-making and efficient resource allocation. Furthermore, SHAP offers global explanations of feature importance and force plots for local interpretations, while LIME increases the interpretability of results from black-box models, facilitating effective hepatitis management. Future work will focus on integrating interoperability standards, such as HL7 FHIR, to enable real-time data exchange, facilitating seamless risk assessment and clinical decision support within healthcare workflows.

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