Sunitha N. R.

Work place: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka, India

E-mail: nrsunitha@sit.ac.in

Website:

Research Interests: Big Data

Biography

Dr. N. R. SUNITHA received B.E. degree from Gulbarga University, M.S. degree from Birla Institute of Technology and Science, and Ph.D. degree from Visveswaraya Technological University, Belgaum. She is currently Professor with Department of CS&E, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, India. She has published more than 65 peer-reviewed research articles in leading conferences and journals, such as ACM, Springer, the IEEE, and Elsevier. Her research interests include cryptography and network security, storage area networks, big data processing, industrial automation, and computer security and reliability. She was funded for her research projects from ABB GISL, AICTE, DRDO, IISc, and ICT Skill Development Society in India. She has acquired totally six patents in her research field. Dr. Sunitha possesses membership of personal bodies in Association of Computing Machinery, USA (ACM), Indian Society for Technical Education, India (ISTE)—Life Member, Computer Society of India (CSI), International Association of Engineers (IAENG), and Institution of Engineers (FIE). She received IBM Mentor Award, in 2014. She was a chairperson in international conferences, such as Conference on Information Science and Technology Management (CISTM 2007), Conference on Network Security and Applications (CSNA 2010), National Conference on Advances in Computer Applications (NCACA), and International Conference on Advances in Computing (ICAdC 2012). Her biodata included in Marquis Who’s Who in Science & Engineering 2010. She is a Reviewer of journals, such as Elsevier’s Computers and Security and International Journal of Network Security (IJNS)

Author Articles
Scalable-pos: Towards Decentralized and Efficient Energy Saving Consensus in Blockchain

By Anupama B. S. Sunitha N. R. G. S. Thejas

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2025.06.06, Pub. Date: 8 Dec. 2025

Blockchain has become peer-to-peer immutable distributed ledger technology network, and its consensus protocol is essential to the management of decentralized data. The consensus algorithm, at core of blockchain technology (BCT), has direct impact on blockchain's security, stability, decentralization, and many other crucial features. A key problem in development of blockchain applications is selecting the right consensus algorithm for various scenarios. Ensuring scalability is the most significant drawback of BCT. The industry has been rejuvenated and new architectures have been sparked by the usage of consensus protocols for blockchains(BC). Researchers analyzed shortcomings of proof of work (PoW) consensus process and subsequently, alternative protocols like proof of stake (PoS) arose. PoS, together with other improvements, lowers the unimaginably high energy usage of PoW, making it protocol of time.  In PoS, only the user with highest stake becomes the validator. To overcome this, we propose Scalable Proof of Stake (SPoS), a novel consensus protocol, which is an enhancement of PoS protocol. In the proposed algorithm, each stakeholder based on the stake gets a chance to become the validator and can mine blocks in the blockchain. Clustering of the stakeholders is done using mean shift algorithm. Each cluster gets a different number of blocks to mine in BC. Cluster with highest stake will get a greater number of blocks to mine when compared to other groups and the cluster with the least stake gets least number of blocks to mine when compared to other groups. To mine the blocks, validator is chosen based on the cluster in which he is present. Fair mining is ensured for all stakeholders based on number of stakes. Mining is distributed among all the stakeholders. Since the validators are chosen fast, the transaction rate is high in the network. Validators in PoS are selected according to the quantity of cryptocurrency they stake.  More stakeholders will get chance of validating blocks and receiving rewards.  Over time, this reduces fairness and decentralization by concentrating on wealth and power. This is addressed in SPoS using clustering-based validator assignment.

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