IJCNIS Vol. 18, No. 4, 8 Aug. 2026
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 1128KB)
PDF (1128KB), PP.88-105
Views: 0 Downloads: 0
Remote Method Invocation, Modified Least-Squares, Fully Homomorphic Encryption, Homomorphic Encryption
As the cloud computing and mass data sharing develop, data integrity and privacy has become an imperative issue. Conventional remote data auditing techniques tend to reveal sensitive data or they have high computational cost. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the Fully Homomorphic Encryption enhanced Remote Method Invocation (FHEbRMI) mechanism that includes a combination of the Modified Least Squares (MLS) optimization model and the proposed cloud auditing security and efficiency are proposed in this paper. The suggested system provides an encrypted data auditing system, which involves RMI-based communication, to enable the client, server, and third-party auditor to perform their verification functions remotely without the disclosure of the plaintext data. An actual execution of the suggested structure is introduced, such as secure key generation, trapdoor-based dimensionality reduction, ciphertext multiplication, and optimized homomorphic functions. Moreover, the RMI interface provides a smooth communication among the distributed nodes and increases the scalability and minimizes transmission delays. A comparative study with the recent homomorphic-based auditing schemes like blockchain-assisted, certificateless and lattice-based FHE model reveals that the proposed FHEbRMI-MLS model has better performance in terms of encryption/decryption latency, computational cost, and encryption overhead. The experimental performance is indicative of an average 37 and 42 factor in speed of encryption and enhancement of computational efficiency respectively with respect to the traditional FHE models. This paper presents a viable, privacy-friendly auditing framework of clouds which guarantees the end-to-end encrypted verification without sacrificing the efficiency.
Deepshikha Chaturvedi, Vidyullata Devmane, Shashikant Radke, Shahzia Sayyad, Shreeshail Devmane, Simran Patel, "Integrity Checking Mechanism for Privacy-Preserved Auditing of Cloud Shared-Data", International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security(IJCNIS), Vol.18, No.4, pp. 88-105, 2026. DOI:10.5815/ijcnis.2026.04.05
[1]M.K. Bali, A. Mehdi, and M. Singh, “Implementation of AWS Cloud Infrastructure,” In 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), pp.1-8, 2023, July. IEEE.
[2]I. Gupta, A.K. Singh, C.N. Lee, and R. Buyya, “Secure data storage and sharing techniques for data protection in cloud environments: A systematic review, analysis, and future directions,” IEEE Access, vol.10, pp.71247-71277, 2022.
[3]U. Agarwal, V. Rishiwal, S. Tanwar, R. Chaudhary, G. Sharma, P.N. Bokoro, and R. Sharma, “Blockchain technology for secure supply chain management: A comprehensive review,” Ieee Access, vol.10, pp.85493-85517, 2022.
[4]I. El Ghoubach, R.B. Abbou, and F. Mrabti, “A secure and efficient remote data auditing scheme for cloud storage,” Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, vol.33, no.5, pp.593-599, 2021.
[5]P. Bhatt, S. Singh, S.K. Sharma, and V. Kumar, “Blockchain technology applications for improving quality of electronic healthcare system,” In Blockchain for Healthcare Systems, pp.97-113, 2021. CRC Press.
[6]H.M. Rai, K.K. Shukla, L. Tightiz, and S. Padmanaban, “Enhancing data security and privacy in energy applications: Integrating IoT and blockchain technologies,” Heliyon, vol.10, no.19, 2024.
[7]P. Goswami, N. Faujdar, S. Debnath, A.K. Khan, and G. Singh, “Investigation on storage level data integrity strategies in cloud computing: classification, security obstructions, challenges and vulnerability,” Journal of Cloud Computing, vol.13, no.1, pp.45, 2024.
[8]M. Berti, and M.P.E. Cunha, “Paradox, dialectics or trade‐offs? A double loop model of paradox,” Journal of Management Studies, vol.60, no.4, pp.861-888, 2023.
[9]R. Imam, Q.M. Areeb, A. Alturki, and F. Anwer, “Systematic and critical review of rsa based public key cryptographic schemes: Past and present status,” IEEE access, vol.9, pp.155949-155976, 2021.
[10]A. Philips, J. Jayaraj, J. FT, and V. P, “Enhanced RSA key encryption application for metering data in smart grid,” International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol.17, no.5, pp.596-610, 2021.
[11]S. Banupriya, K. Kottursamy, and A.K. Bashir, “Privacy-preserving hierarchical deterministic key generation based on a lattice of rings in public blockchain,” Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, vol.14, pp.2813-2825, 2021.
[12]S. Ullah, J. Zheng, N. Din, M.T. Hussain, F. Ullah, and M. Yousaf, “Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Applications, challenges, recent advances, and future trends: A comprehensive survey,” Computer Science Review, vol.47, pp.100-530, 2023.
[13]A.S. Alali, R. Ali, M.K. Jamil, J. Ali, and Gulraiz, “Dynamic S-Box Construction Using Mordell Elliptic Curves over Galois Field and Its Applications in Image Encryption,” Mathematics, vol.12, no.4, pp.5-87, 2024.
[14]P. Thomadakis, C. Tsolakis, and N. Chrisochoides, “Multithreaded runtime framework for parallel and adaptive applications,” Engineering with Computers, vol.38, no.5, pp.4675-4695, 2022.
[15]Z. Que, H. Nakahara, H. Fan, H. Li, J. Meng, K.H. Tsoi, X. Niu, E. Nurvitadhi, and W. Luk, “Remarn: a reconfigurable multi-threaded multi-core accelerator for recurrent neural networks,” ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems, vol.16, no.1, pp.1-26, 2022.
[16]R. Kumar, A. Sachan, and B. Ghoshal, “SLePaaS: An Embedded Platform-as-a-Service Facilitating Research on Thermal Management of Embedded Platforms,” IEEE Access, vol.10, pp.90827-90846, 2022.
[17]G. Ramesh, J. Logeshwaran, and A.P. Kumar, “The Smart Network Management Automation Algorithm for Administration of Reliable 5G Communication Networks,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol.2023, no.1, pp.7626803, 2023.
[18]K. Limniotis, “Cryptography as the means to protect fundamental human rights,” Cryptography, vol.5, no.4, pp.34, 2021.
[19]M. Albrecht, M. Chase, H. Chen, J. Ding, S. Goldwasser, S. Gorbunov, S. Halevi, J. Hoffstein, K. Laine, K. Lauter and S. Lokam, “Homomorphic encryption standard,” Protecting privacy through homomorphic encryption, pp.31-62, 2021.
[20]B. Seth, S. Dalal, V. Jaglan, D.N. Le, S. Mohan, and G. Srivastava, “Integrating encryption techniques for secure data storage in the cloud,” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol.33, no.4, pp.e4108, 2022.
[21]A. Kshirsagar, N. Gupta, and B. Verma, “Real Time Facial Emotions Detection of Multiple Faces Using Deep Learning,” In Pervasive Computing and Social Networking: Proceedings of ICPCSN 2022, pp.363-376, 2022. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
[22]J. Ryu, K. Kim, and D. Won, “A Study on Partially Homomorphic Encryption,” In 2023 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM), pp.1-4, 2023, January. IEEE.
[23]P. Chaudhary, R. Gupta, A. Singh, and P. Majumder, “Analysis and Comparison of Various Fully Homomorphic Encryption Techniques,” 2019 International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON), New Delhi, India, 2019, pp.58-62.
[24]J. Wang, F. Wu, T. Zhang, and X. Wu, “DPP: Data Privacy-Preserving for Cloud Computing based on Homomorphic Encryption,” In 2022 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC), pp.29-32, 2022, October. IEEE.
[25]B.J. Flavia, and B.J. Chelliah, “BO-LCNN: butterfly optimization based lightweight convolutional neural network for remote data integrity auditing and data sanitizing model,” Telecommunication Systems, vol.85, no.4, pp.623-647, 2024.
[26]R. Zhou, M. He, and Z. Chen, “Certificateless public auditing scheme with data privacy preserving for cloud storage,” In 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data Analytics (ICCCBDA), pp.675-682, 2021, April. IEEE.
[27]D. Ramesh, R. Mishra, P.K. Atrey, D.R. Edla, S. Misra and L. Qi, “Blockchain based efficient tamper-proof EHR storage for decentralized cloud-assisted storage,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol.68, pp.205-226, 2023.
[28]A. Oppermann, F.G. Toro, F. Thiel, and J.P. Seifert, “Secure cloud computing: Reference architecture for measuring instrument under legal control,” Security and Privacy, vol.1, no.3, pp.e18, 2018.
[29]F. Tang, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, W. Susilo, and B. Li, “Real-time privacy-preserved auditing for shared outsourced data,” Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol.92, p.103927, 2025.
[30]S.S. Kirubakaran, V.P. Arunachalam, S. Karthik, and S. Kannan, “Towards Developing Privacy-Preserved Data Security Approach (PP-DSA) in Cloud Computing Environment,” Computer Systems Science & Engineering, vol.44, no.3, 2023.
[31]Y.M. Gajmal and R. Udayakumar, “Privacy and utility-assisted data protection strategy for secure data sharing and retrieval in cloud system,” Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, vol.31, no.4, pp.451-465, 2022.
[32]P. Goswami, N. Faujdar, G. Singh, K.P. Sharma, A.K. Khan, and S. Debnath, “Stub signature-based efficient public data auditing system using dynamic procedures in cloud computing,” IEEE Access, vol.12, pp.58502-58518, 2024.
[33]B. Oluwafemi, “Privacy-preserving computation (homomorphic encryption, MPC),” Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, vol.7, pp.111-122, 2025.
[34]R. Geva, A. Gusev, Y. Polyakov, L. Liram, O. Rosolio, A. Alexandru, N. Genise, M. Blatt, Z. Duchin, B. Waissengrin, and D. Mirelman, “Collaborative privacy-preserving analysis of oncological data using multiparty homomorphic encryption,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.120, no.33, p.e2304415120, 2023.
[35]W. Xu, J. Sun, R. Cardell-Oliver, A. Mian, and J.B. Hong, “A privacy-preserving framework using homomorphic encryption for smart metering systems,” Sensors, vol.23, no.10, p.4746, 2023.
[36]J. Ma, S.A. Naas, S. Sigg, and X. Lyu, “Privacy-preserving federated learning based on multi-key homomorphic encryption,” International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol.37, no.9, pp.5880-5901, 2022.