International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies (IJWMT)

ISSN: 2076-1449 (Print)

ISSN: 2076-9539 (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt

Website: https://www.mecs-press.org/ijwmt

Published By: MECS Press

Frequency: 6 issues per year

Number(s) Available: 81

(IJWMT) in Google Scholar Citations / h5-index

IJWMT is committed to bridge the theory and practice of wireless and microwave technologies. From innovative ideas to specific algorithms and full system implementations, IJWMT publishes original, peer-reviewed, and high quality articles in the areas of wireless and microwave technologies. IJWMT is a well-indexed scholarly journal and is indispensable reading and references for people working at the cutting edge of wireless and microwave technology applications.

 

IJWMT has been abstracted or indexed by several world class databases: Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, Baidu Wenku, Open Access Articles, CNKI, GetInfo, WorldCat, OneSearch, ZB MED, CrossRef, JournalTOCs, etc..

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IJWMT Vol. 15, No. 4, Aug. 2025

REGULAR PAPERS

Evaluating the Effectiveness of WPA3 Protocol against Advanced Hacking Attacks

By Asmaa A. Ghanim Mohammed Y. Thanoun

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2025.04.01, Pub. Date: 8 Aug. 2025

Personal Mode Home Wi-Fi networks are an integral part of our daily lives, providing convenience and ease of access to the Internet. However, many people believe that modern encryption protocols such as Wi-Fi Protected Access3 (WPA3) provide sufficiently strong protection. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of encryption protocols used in home Wi-Fi networks, focusing on the currently most widely used Wi-Fi Protected Access2 (WPA2) protocol and the newer and more secure WPA3 protocol, and the effectiveness of the Protected Management Frames (PMF) against deauthentication attacks. A penetration test was conducted in a controlled, secure environment using a set of specialized tools such as Aircrack-ng, Fluxion, Bettercap, and Wireshark to assess the vulnerability of these networks to various attacks. The research results showed that home Wi-Fi networks using WPA2 protocol and WPA3 protocol (who support transitional mode) are vulnerable to hacking. deauthentication attacks and dictionary attacks were successful in hacking networks, especially when the passwords were weak or could be guessed. In addition, evil twin attacks using the captive portal approach have been proven effective in penetrating networks that use WPA2 and WPA3 (even when they do not support transitional mode) by exploiting weaknesses in user behavior. The results also show that deauthentication attacks are still effective before establishing a 4-way handshake. This paper proposes some countermeasures to reduce the risk of home network penetration.

[...] Read more.
Issues of Organizing the Architecture of Processes for Identifying Digital Entities and Services

By Viktor Vyshnivskyi Vadym Mukhin Vitalii Kotelianets Yuri Kargapolov Valerii Zavgorodnii Oleksandr Vyshnivskyi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2025.04.02, Pub. Date: 8 Aug. 2025

The article discusses the solution to the issue of information systems architecture, which makes it possible to separate identification flows associated with the processes of managing the identification of digital entities and data flows associated with the processes of managing data describing the properties of digital entities. At the same time, a new architecture of connections between digital entities and services is proposed, which makes it possible to create a flexible system for processing the properties of identifiers that can be described in an irregular and unstructured form. In this case, the nomenclature of the parameters of the properties of a digital entity can be customized and expanded as a separate entity, which always maintaining a connection with the identifier. This allows, within the framework of the information system, on the one hand, to adapt any identification systems and ensure the solution of convergence requirements, to ensure compliance and solution of the requirements of recognition, immutability, stability in conditions of processing large volumes of data without implementing generally accepted principles of a global unique permanent identifier, and on the other hand, build flexible connections between digital entities and services.

[...] Read more.
Improved Hybrid Architecture to Mitigate Free Riding in P2p Network

By Akinboro Solomon Tunwashe Daniel. O. Oladeji Florence A. Akintunde Christian. T. Idris Abdulkadri

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2025.04.03, Pub. Date: 8 Aug. 2025

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks rely heavily on resources shared by peers in the network as a result of this mitigating free riding in the network is very crucial in a P2P system. In this work, we introduced a dynamic grace period allocation and a content scanning mechanism to a hybrid P2P architecture to mitigate free riding and prevent peers from uploading repeated and fake files within the network. The method introduced was simulated using Python programming language with peers selected at random to upload and download files representing a typical scenario of a P2P network. From the range of 0-500 and 600-2000, twenty different peers were selected at random the first scenario represents few peers and the second scenario represents many peers for analysis and experimentation purposes and also for the different percentages of free riders used for the experiment, this was chosen at random. Finally, we compared our method with a credit-based approach (CBA) that uses a common grace period assigned to peers in the network. Then, for the performance evaluation metric, we used the total uploads and downloads, contributing peers uploads and downloads, free rider peers uploads and downloads, and repeated and fake files detected gotten from the simulation result to evaluate the model and analyze the outcome of the experiments. Results from the simulation revealed that the Dynamic grace period approach (DGA) is 25-70% more effective than CBA in maintaining contributing peer activity and preventing the spread of repeated and fake files,while also achieving lower latency, higher throughput, and better quality of service (QoS) across diverse network conditions, particularly in high free-rider environments. 

[...] Read more.
Analysis of Binary Modulations Using Channel Estimation with Machine Learning

By Srijita Maity Sanjana Bhattacharjee Hemanta Kumar Sahu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2025.04.04, Pub. Date: 8 Aug. 2025

To ensure robust signal recovery and efficient data transmission in wireless communication systems, accurate channel estimation plays a vital role, especially under dynamic and complex conditions. Machine learning-based channel estimation is explored for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying  (QPSK) modulation schemes over Rayleigh, Rician, and Gaussian fading models. In this work, a framework using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) is developed to predict channel coefficients and analyze the impact on bit error rate (BER), throughput, and spectral efficiency for binary modulations. A comprehensive performance comparison of BPSK and QPSK under ML-based estimation across various fading conditions is provided. The results show that CNNs are effective in tracking time-varying coefficients, while MLPs often yield lower mean squared error (MSE). The study emphasizes practical applications in low-SNR environments and supports energy-efficient designs aligned with SDG goals. Key simulation results include BER vs SNR, throughput, and spectral efficiency comparisons between BPSK and QPSK under ML estimation.

[...] Read more.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Cybersecurity and Data Protection

By Iryna Zavushchak

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2025.04.05, Pub. Date: 8 Aug. 2025

The escalating complexity of cybersecurity threats necessitates advanced technological solutions to protect digital infrastructures. This study explores the application of Autoencoder neural networks, a deep learning model, for anomaly detection in network traffic, aiming to enhance real-time identification of cyberattacks. Using the CICIDS2017 dataset, which encompasses diverse attack types such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and infiltration, the Autoencoder was trained to detect deviations from normal traffic patterns based on reconstruction errors. The model was optimized through preprocessing, feature selection, and hyperparameter tuning, achieving strong performance metrics including precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and ROC-AUC. Despite its effectiveness in distinguishing normal and malicious traffic, challenges arose in detecting stealthy attacks like slow brute-force attempts. These results underscore the Autoencoder's potential in cybersecurity frameworks and highlight opportunities for improvement through adaptive thresholds and hybrid models. This study contributes to advancing AI-driven anomaly detection, promoting proactive defense against evolving cyber threats.

[...] Read more.
Smart Locker: IOT based Intelligent Locker with Password Protection and Face Detection Approach

By Niaz Mostakim Ratna R Sarkar Md. Anowar Hossain

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2019.03.01, Pub. Date: 8 May 2019

In today’s world, security becomes a very important issue. We are always concerned about the security of our valuables. In this paper, we propose an IOT based intelligent smart locker with OTP and face detection approach, which provides security, authenticity and user-friendly mechanism. This smart locker will be organized at banks, offices, homes and other places to ensure security. In order to use this locker firstly the user have to login. User has to send an unlock request code (OTP) and after getting a feedback Email with OTP, he/she will be able to unlock the locker to access his/her valuables. We also introduce face detection approach to our proposed smart locker to ensure security and authenticity.

[...] Read more.
Design of Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Communication Operating at 28 GHz and 46 GHz

By Anurag Nayak Shreya Dutta Sudip Mandal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.02.05, Pub. Date: 8 Apr. 2023

The design of suitable compact antenna for 5G applications with superior return loss and bandwidth is still a fascinating task to the researchers. In this paper, the authors have designed a dual band microstrip patch antenna for 5G communications at 28 GHz and 46 GHz using CST studio. Rectangular patch antenna with double slots is considered to serve the purpose. The performance of the proposed patch antenna is very satisfactory in terms of return loss, VSWR, bandwidth and directivity. The values of S11 are well below -39dB and values of VSWR are very close to 1 for both resonance frequencies. The bandwidths for both cases are greater than 1.8 GHz which is an essential characteristic of 5G patch antennas for high speed connectivity and efficiency. Directivities are above 6 dB which are very suitable for the present problem. The simulation results are also compared with existing dual band 5G patch antennas and it has been observed that proposed antenna has outperformed the existing patch antennas that worked in 28GHz and 46GHz frequency range. The main advantage of this patch antenna is that it’s simple structure and good return loss, bandwidth and gain.

[...] Read more.
Smart Home Security Using Facial Authentication and Mobile Application

By Khandaker Mohammad Mohi Uddin Shohelee Afrin Shahela Naimur Rahman Rafid Mostafiz Md. Mahbubur Rahman

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2022.02.04, Pub. Date: 8 Apr. 2022

In this fast-paced technological world, individuals want to access all their electronic equipment remotely, which requires devices to connect over a network via the Internet. However, it raises quite a lot of critical security concerns. This paper presented a home automation security system that employs the Internet of Things (IoT) for remote access to one's home through an Android application, as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) to ensure the home's security. Face recognition is utilized to control door entry in a highly efficient security system. In the event of a technical failure, an additional security PIN is set up that is only accessible by the owner. Although a home automation system may be used for various tasks, the cost is prohibitive for many customers. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a budget and user-friendly system, ensuring access to the application and home attributes by using multi-modal security. Using Haar Cascade and LBPH the system achieved 92.86% accuracy while recognizing face.

[...] Read more.
Quantum Computers’ threat on Current Cryptographic Measures and Possible Solutions

By Tohfa Niraula Aditi Pokharel Ashmita Phuyal Pratistha Palikhel Manish Pokharel

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2022.05.02, Pub. Date: 8 Oct. 2022

Cryptography is a requirement for confidentiality and authentic communication, and it is an indispensable technology used to protect data security. Quantum computing is a hypothetical model, still in tentative analysis but is rapidly gaining traction among scientific communities. Quantum computers have the potential to become a pre-eminent threat to all secure communication because their performance exceeds that of conventional computers. Consequently, quantum computers are capable of iterating through a large number of keys to search for secret keys or quickly calculate cryptographic keys, thereby endangering cloud security measures. This paper’s main target is to summarize the vulnerability of current cryptographic measures in front of a quantum computer. The paper also aims to cover the fundamental concept of potential quantum-resilient cryptographic techniques and explain how they can be a solution to complete secure key distribution in a post-quantum future.

[...] Read more.
Methodologies, Requirements and Challenges of Cybersecurity Frameworks: A Review

By Alaa Dhahi Khaleefah Haider M. Al-Mashhadi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.01.01, Pub. Date: 8 Feb. 2023

As a result of the emergence of new business paradigms and the development of the digital economy, the interaction between operations, services, things, and software through numerous fields and communities may now be processed through value chains networks. Despite the integration of all data networks, computing models, and distributed software that offers a broader cloud computing, the security solution is have a serious important impact and missing or weak, and more work is needed to strengthen security requirements such as mutual entity trustworthiness, Access controls and identity management, as well as data protection, are all aspects of detecting and preventing attacks or threats. Various international organizations, academic universities and institutions, and organizations have been working diligently to establish cybersecurity frameworks (CSF) in order to combat cybersecurity threats by (CSFs). This paper describes CSFs from the perspectives of standard organizations such as ISO CSF and NIST CSF, as well as several proposed frameworks from researchers, and discusses briefly their characteristics and features. The common ideas described in this study could be helpful for creating a CSF model in general.

[...] Read more.
Performance Evaluation of Slotted Star-Shaped Dual-band Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication and 5G Services

By Md. Najmul Hossain Al Amin Islam Jungpil Shin Md. Abdur Rahim Md. Humaun Kabir

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.03.05, Pub. Date: 8 Jun. 2023

The advancement of wireless communication technology is growing very fast. For next-generation communication systems (like 5G mobile services), wider bandwidth, high gain, and small-size antennas are very much needed. Moreover, it is expected that the next-generation mobile system will also support satellite technology. Therefore, this paper proposes a slotted star-shaped dual-band patch antenna that can be used for the integrated services of satellite communication and 5G mobile services whose overall dimension is 15×14×1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna operates from 18.764 GHz to 19.775 GHz for K-band satellite communication and 27.122 GHz to 29.283 GHz for 5G (mmWave) mobile services. The resonance frequencies of the proposed antenna are 19.28 GHz and 28.07 GHz having bandwidths of 1.011 GHz and 2.161 GHz, respectively. Moreover, the proposed dual-band patch antenna has a maximum radiation efficiency of 76.178% and a maximum gain of 7.596 dB.

[...] Read more.
A Compact, Tri-Band and 9-Shape Reconfigurable Antenna for WiFi, WiMAX and WLAN Applications

By Izaz Ali Shah Shahzeb Hayat Ihtesham Khan Imtiaz. Alam Sadiq Ullah Adeel Afridi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2016.05.05, Pub. Date: 8 Sep. 2016

This paper introduces a novel 9-shaped multiband frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna for wireless applications, using 1.6 mm thicker FR4 substrate and a truncated metallic ground surface. The designed antenna performs in single and dual frequency modes depending on switching states. The antenna works in a single band (WiMAX at 3.5 GHz) when the switch is in the OFF state. The dual band frequency mode (Wi-Fi at 2.45 GHz and WLAN at 5.2 GHz) is obtained when the switch is turned ON. The directivities are: 2.13 dBi, 2.77 dBi and 3.99 dBi and efficiencies: 86%, 93.5% and 84.4% are attained at frequencies 2.45 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively. The proposed antenna has VSWR< 1.5 for all the three frequencies. The scattering and far-field parameters of the designed antenna are analyzed using computer simulation technology CST 2014. The performance of the proposed antenna is analyzed on the basis of VSWR, efficiency, gain, radiation pattern and return loss.

[...] Read more.
A Metric for Evaluating Security Models based on Implementation of Public Key Infrastructure

By Sigsbert Rwiza Mussa Kissaka Kosmas Kapis

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2020.06.04, Pub. Date: 8 Dec. 2020

International security evaluation metrics are too general and not focused on evaluating security models implemented using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). This study was conducted to develop the metric for evaluating security models based on implementation of PKI by using insights from literature. Literature review was done based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The developed metric was tested using ranking attributes and ranking scales. The results reveal that the developed metric is applicable for evaluating security models based on implementation of PKI. This is verified by the tabular results indicating evaluation of selected security models based on implementation of PKI by using ranking attributes and ranking scales. This study contributes to the body of knowledge a metric for evaluating security models based on implementation of PKI. 

[...] Read more.
SDN Interfaces: Protocols, Taxonomy and Challenges

By Suhail Ahmad Ajaz Hussain Mir

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2022.02.02, Pub. Date: 8 Apr. 2022

The ever-increasing demands of Internet services like video on demand, big data applications, IoE and multi-tenant data centers have compelled the network industry to change its conventional non-evolving network architecture. Software Defined Network (SDN) has emerged as a promising network architecture which provides necessary abstractions and novel APIs to facilitate network innovations and simplifies network resource management by breaking the conventional network into multiple planes. All these SDN planes interact through open interfaces or APIs which are commonly categorized into southbound, northbound and west/eastbound interfaces. In this manuscript, we have identified and emphasized various communication protocols used at south and northbound interfaces. We have provided a taxonomy of south and northbound communication protocols based on their dependence, capabilities and properties. The pros and cons associated with each communication mechanism are highlighted and the numerous research challenges and open issues involved at these two interfaces are elucidated. In addition to it, we have proposed the necessary abstractions and extensions required in communication protocols at these two interfaces to simplify real-time monitoring and virtualization in next generation networks.

[...] Read more.
Adversarial Machine Learning Attacks and Defenses in Network Intrusion Detection Systems

By Amir F. Mukeri Dwarkoba P. Gaikwad

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2022.01.02, Pub. Date: 8 Feb. 2022

Machine learning is now being used for applications ranging from healthcare to network security. However, machine learning models can be easily fooled into making mistakes using adversarial machine learning attacks. In this article, we focus on the evasion attacks against Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) and specifically on designing novel adversarial attacks and defenses using adversarial training. We propose white box attacks against intrusion detection systems. Under these attacks, the detection accuracy of model suffered significantly. Also, we propose a defense mechanism against adversarial attacks using adversarial sample augmented training. The biggest advantage of proposed defense is that it doesn’t require any modification to deep neural network architecture or any additional hyperparameter tuning. The gain in accuracy using very small adversarial samples for training deep neural network was however found to be significant.

[...] Read more.
Design of Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Communication Operating at 28 GHz and 46 GHz

By Anurag Nayak Shreya Dutta Sudip Mandal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.02.05, Pub. Date: 8 Apr. 2023

The design of suitable compact antenna for 5G applications with superior return loss and bandwidth is still a fascinating task to the researchers. In this paper, the authors have designed a dual band microstrip patch antenna for 5G communications at 28 GHz and 46 GHz using CST studio. Rectangular patch antenna with double slots is considered to serve the purpose. The performance of the proposed patch antenna is very satisfactory in terms of return loss, VSWR, bandwidth and directivity. The values of S11 are well below -39dB and values of VSWR are very close to 1 for both resonance frequencies. The bandwidths for both cases are greater than 1.8 GHz which is an essential characteristic of 5G patch antennas for high speed connectivity and efficiency. Directivities are above 6 dB which are very suitable for the present problem. The simulation results are also compared with existing dual band 5G patch antennas and it has been observed that proposed antenna has outperformed the existing patch antennas that worked in 28GHz and 46GHz frequency range. The main advantage of this patch antenna is that it’s simple structure and good return loss, bandwidth and gain.

[...] Read more.
Smart Locker: IOT based Intelligent Locker with Password Protection and Face Detection Approach

By Niaz Mostakim Ratna R Sarkar Md. Anowar Hossain

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2019.03.01, Pub. Date: 8 May 2019

In today’s world, security becomes a very important issue. We are always concerned about the security of our valuables. In this paper, we propose an IOT based intelligent smart locker with OTP and face detection approach, which provides security, authenticity and user-friendly mechanism. This smart locker will be organized at banks, offices, homes and other places to ensure security. In order to use this locker firstly the user have to login. User has to send an unlock request code (OTP) and after getting a feedback Email with OTP, he/she will be able to unlock the locker to access his/her valuables. We also introduce face detection approach to our proposed smart locker to ensure security and authenticity.

[...] Read more.
Quantum Computers’ threat on Current Cryptographic Measures and Possible Solutions

By Tohfa Niraula Aditi Pokharel Ashmita Phuyal Pratistha Palikhel Manish Pokharel

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2022.05.02, Pub. Date: 8 Oct. 2022

Cryptography is a requirement for confidentiality and authentic communication, and it is an indispensable technology used to protect data security. Quantum computing is a hypothetical model, still in tentative analysis but is rapidly gaining traction among scientific communities. Quantum computers have the potential to become a pre-eminent threat to all secure communication because their performance exceeds that of conventional computers. Consequently, quantum computers are capable of iterating through a large number of keys to search for secret keys or quickly calculate cryptographic keys, thereby endangering cloud security measures. This paper’s main target is to summarize the vulnerability of current cryptographic measures in front of a quantum computer. The paper also aims to cover the fundamental concept of potential quantum-resilient cryptographic techniques and explain how they can be a solution to complete secure key distribution in a post-quantum future.

[...] Read more.
Methodologies, Requirements and Challenges of Cybersecurity Frameworks: A Review

By Alaa Dhahi Khaleefah Haider M. Al-Mashhadi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.01.01, Pub. Date: 8 Feb. 2023

As a result of the emergence of new business paradigms and the development of the digital economy, the interaction between operations, services, things, and software through numerous fields and communities may now be processed through value chains networks. Despite the integration of all data networks, computing models, and distributed software that offers a broader cloud computing, the security solution is have a serious important impact and missing or weak, and more work is needed to strengthen security requirements such as mutual entity trustworthiness, Access controls and identity management, as well as data protection, are all aspects of detecting and preventing attacks or threats. Various international organizations, academic universities and institutions, and organizations have been working diligently to establish cybersecurity frameworks (CSF) in order to combat cybersecurity threats by (CSFs). This paper describes CSFs from the perspectives of standard organizations such as ISO CSF and NIST CSF, as well as several proposed frameworks from researchers, and discusses briefly their characteristics and features. The common ideas described in this study could be helpful for creating a CSF model in general.

[...] Read more.
Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

By Mohd Asaduddin Shaik Seif Shah Mohd Asim Siddiqui

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.03.04, Pub. Date: 8 Jun. 2023

Throughout the years there has been a crisis for low gain and efficiency in Microstrip patch antennas. Therefore, the microstrip patch antenna was designed for better gain, directivity and efficiency using array configuration of microstrip patch antenna with low dielectric constant at 10.3GHZ resonant frequency. The proposed design is of a triangular shaped patch array and a substrate RT duroid-5880 of dielectric constant 2.2. The results after simulation shows a good return loss, bandwidth around 950Mhz-1Ghz, directivity of 11.4db in a particular direction, gain of 11.4 dB with 99% radiation effect. The design proposed is helpful for applications like military defence and communication purposes.

[...] Read more.
Full-Wave Numerical Analysis of Dual-Band E-Patch Antenna and Reactive Loading Technique to Ascertain the Impedance Driving Point Function

By Fubara Edmund Alfred-Abam Pam Paul Gyang Fiyinfoluwa P. Olubodun

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.03.03, Pub. Date: 8 Jun. 2023

This paper encompasses the numerical analysis involved with the Electromagnetic (EM) full-wave simulation tool Advanced Design System (ADS) which uses the Method of Moment (MOM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). MOM is utilized to solve Maxwell’s equations which are transformed into integral equations before discretization and boundary conditions are applied while FEM computes the electrical behavior of the high frequency EM wave distribution, and then analyze the antenna parameters. The main objective is to investigate the effect of reactive loading on the microstrip patch surface which is used to control the behavior of the impedance bandwidth and obtain dual-band frequency operation. The study further examines how the perturbed patch antenna design targets the operating frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for possible range and speed. The proposed method provides insight into the analysis of the mathematical model employed in attaining the Driving Point Impedance Function (DPF) of the E-patch microstrip patch antenna. This approach was done to quantify the reduction in reflections for improved Radio Frequency (RF) network output.

[...] Read more.
A Systematic Review of Privacy Preservation Models in Wireless Networks

By Namrata J. Patel Ashish Jadhav

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.02.02, Pub. Date: 8 Apr. 2023

Privacy preservation in wireless networks is a multidomain task, including encryption, hashing, secure routing, obfuscation, and third-party data sharing. To design a privacy preservation model for wireless networks, it is recommended that data privacy, location privacy, temporal privacy, node privacy, and route privacy be incorporated. However, incorporating these models into any wireless network is computationally complex. Moreover, it affects the quality of services (QoS) parameters like end-to-end delay, throughput, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio. Therefore, network designers are expected to use the most optimum privacy models that should minimally affect these QoS metrics. To do this, designers opt for standard privacy models for securing wireless networks without considering their interconnectivity and interface-ability constraints. Due to this, network security increases, but overall, network QoS is reduced. To reduce the probability of such scenarios, this text analyses and reviews various state-of-the-art models for incorporating privacy preservation in wireless networks without compromising their QoS performance. These models are compared on privacy strength, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and network throughput. The comparison will assist network designers and researchers to select the best models for their given deployments, thereby assisting in privacy improvement while maintaining high QoS performance.Moreover, this text also recommends various methods to work together to improve their performance. This text also recommends various proven machine learning architectures that can be contemplated & explored by networks to enhance their privacy performance. The paper intends to provide a brief survey of different types of Privacy models and their comparison, which can benefit the readers in choosing a privacy model for their use.

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Design of the E-Patch Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna with Low Reflections for WLAN Application

By Fubara Edmund Alfred-Abam Pam Paul Gyang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.01.02, Pub. Date: 8 Feb. 2023

Antennas are either massive or miniaturized structures useful for the transmission and reception of signals associated with Electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Although Microstrip Patch Antennas (MSA) are advantageous they exhibit several drawbacks which may impair a faster communication throughput. They mostly display narrow impedance bandwidth amidst other grave issues. This study presents some approaches such as transmission line analysis and modeling for investigating the complexities associated with the MSA configurations given the shortcomings of narrow impedance bandwidth. in other to achieve the associated input impedance for the dual-band E-patch microstrip antenna. It also investigated the fabrication of the E-patch MSA which targeted the operating frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for possible range and speed. The fabricated prototype was tested using a high-frequency communication instrument known as the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to obtain the return loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). This method was done to quantify the reduction of reflections for enhanced Radio Frequency (RF) network output. This work helps to mitigate the challenges encountered when designing and developing microstrip patch antennas having a relatively small size in different configurations. 

[...] Read more.
Performance Analysis of IoT Cloud-based Platforms using Quality of Service Metrics

By Supreme Ayewoh Okoh Elizabeth N. Onwuka Suleiman Zubairu Bala Alhaji Salihu Peter Y. Dibal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.01.05, Pub. Date: 8 Feb. 2023

There are several IoT platforms providing a variety of services for different applications. Finding the optimal fit between application and platform is challenging since it is hard to evaluate the effects of minor platform changes. Several websites offer reviews based on user ratings to guide potential users in their selection. Unfortunately, review data are subjective and sometimes conflicting – indicating that they are not objective enough for a fair judgment. Scientific papers are known to be the reliable sources of authentic information based on evidence-based research. However, literature revealed that though a lot of work has been done on theoretical comparative analysis of IoT platforms based on their features, functions, architectures, security, communication protocols, analytics, scalability, etc., empirical studies based on measurable metrics such as response time, throughput, and technical efficiency, that objectively characterize user experience seem to be lacking. In an attempt to fill this gap, this study used web analytic tools to gather data on the performance of some selected IoT cloud platforms. Descriptive and inferential statistical models were used to analyze the gathered data to provide a technical ground for the performance evaluation of the selected IoT platforms. Results showed that the platforms performed differently in the key performance metrics (KPM) used. No platform emerged best in all the KPMs. Users' choice will therefore be based on metrics that are most relevant to their applications. It is believed that this work will provide companies and other users with quantitative evidence to corroborate social media data and thereby give a better insight into the performance of IoT platforms. It will also help vendors to improve on their quality of service (QoS).

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SQL Injection Detection Tools Advantages and Drawbacks

By Hazem M. Harb Derar Eleyan Amna Eleyan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2021.03.03, Pub. Date: 8 Jun. 2021

SQL injection attack is a major threat to web application security. It has been rated as one of the most dangerous vulnerabilities for a web-based application. Based on the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP), it is measured as one of the top ten.  Many types of research have been made to face this attack either by preventing the threat or at least detecting it. We aim in this paper to give an overview of the SQL injection (SQLI) attack and classify these attacks and prevention and detection tools. We introduce the most current techniques and tools that are used to prevent and detect SQLI and highlight their strengths and weaknesses.

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