International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies (IJWMT)
IJWMT Vol. 16, No. 4, 8 Aug. 2026
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 1299KB)
QoS-Aware VoIP Support in WMNs via PSO-Based Multi-Level Node Monitoring
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Author(s)
Appala Raju Uppala
1,*
D. Naga Ravikiran
2
M. Koteswara Rao
3
Srinivasa Rao Thamanam
4
Gangolu Rajesh
5
K. Sudha Rani
6
Index Terms
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Multi-Level Node Monitoring, Traffic Scheduling, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Quality of Service (QoS), End-to-End Delay, Jitter
Abstract
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) provide low-cost, self-organizing and self-healing connectivity, but multi-hop interference, hidden-node effects and unbalanced load make delay-sensitive Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communication difficult to support. This paper presents a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-driven node monitoring and traffic scheduling framework for QoS-aware VoIP in WMNs. In the revised method, multi-level monitoring is explicitly defined through three measurable levels: node-state monitoring (identifier, residual energy and queue occupancy), link-quality monitoring (delivery probability, loss, delay and interference), and traffic/QoS monitoring (VoIP classification and priority scheduling). These normalized features are combined in a dimensionally consistent PSO fitness function that jointly maximizes packet delivery ratio and residual energy while minimizing delay, packet loss and hop count. A MATLAB-based discrete-event simulation was conducted for WMNs with 50-300 nodes, bidirectional CBR/UDP VoIP flows, IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA access and common channel/interference assumptions. Under the modeled conditions, the proposed PSO-MLNM-EPDR method achieved 97.7-98.8% packet delivery ratio, compared with 94.1-95.2% for RAAOR-WMN and 92.7-93.7% for FDOE-WMN, while keeping one-way delay within 7.4-8.6 ms. The study is limited to controlled simulation settings without mobility or field deployment; therefore, future work should validate the method under realistic traffic bursts, mobility and heterogeneous radio environments.
Cite This Paper
Appala Raju Uppala, D. Naga Ravikiran, M. Koteswara Rao, Srinivasa Rao Thamanam, Gangolu Rajesh, K. Sudha Rani, "QoSAware VoIP Support in WMNs via PSO-Based Multi-Level Node Monitoring", International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies(IJWMT), Vol.16, No.4, pp. 80-94, 2026. DOI:10.5815/ijwmt.2026.04.06
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