International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing (IJIGSP)
IJIGSP Vol. 18, No. 2, 8 Apr. 2026
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 3140KB)
Information Technology for VR Training Evaluation with First Aid Skills Improvement to Detecting Human Resource Damage in Emergencies based on Behavioural Methods
PDF (3140KB), PP.151-207
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Author(s)
Sofia Chyrun
1
Victoria Vysotska
2,3
Lyubomyr Chyrun
2,4,5
Dmytro Uhryn
6
Zhengbing Hu
7
Yurii Ushenko
6,8,*
Index Terms
Human Resource Lesion Identification, Digital Interaction Signal Processing, Photogrammetry, 3D Modelling, Virtual Reality, VR, Mathematical Modelling of Learning, Composite Performance Metric, Dynamic Systems Analysis, Learning Curves, Emergencies
Abstract
Traditional first aid preparation methods often fail to reproduce realistic stress levels and to simulate visual difficulty in identifying lesions in critical situations. In emergencies, delays in recognising injuries or errors in protocols result in critical losses of human resources. The use of computer graphics and virtual reality technologies enables you to create a safe yet highly realistic environment for rescuers to test and improve their skills. The article presents an integrated methodological framework for assessing the effectiveness of VR first-aid training in conditions of damage to civilian infrastructure. The main focus is on developing mathematical models and algorithms to identify and evaluate the quality of rescuers' actions by analysing digital interaction signals in a virtual environment. A composite efficiency indicator is proposed that combines normalised parameters for reaction time, manipulation accuracy, stress level, and immersion. The work aims to formalise a mathematical model to assess the effectiveness of VR training in developing skills for lesion identification and first aid provision, using quantitative metrics. The study aims to identify statistically significant differences in learning speed and skill retention between groups using VR simulations and traditional methods. The project aims to validate innovative content creation methods, including mobile photogrammetry, to visualise damaged infrastructure and victim models. The study used a comprehensive approach that includes mobile photogrammetry and generative neural networks to create a library of 3D assets with varying degrees of detail. Performance score is based on composite indicator that integrates normalised data on reaction time, manipulation accuracy, error count, immersion rate. Linear mixed models, exponential approximations, and bootstrap estimation of effect stability were used to analyse hierarchical data and individual learning trajectories. The experimental part includes the use of mobile photogrammetry and generative neural networks to create realistic 3D models of affected environments and identify types of injuries (bleeding, burns, unconsciousness). To analyse the dynamics of learning and maintaining skills, models with mixed effects and exponential forgetting curves are used. The results confirm that the use of VR technologies provides a statistically significant acceleration in the development of automated skills for lesion identification and assistance compared to traditional methods. The proposed approach is a scalable tool for preparing civil and rescue services to act in critical situations. Experimental data showed that the integral performance score in the VR group increased from 0.42 0.10 to 0.76 0.08, while in the control group it increased from only 0.40 0.09 to 0.55 0.10 (p < 0.001). The largest effect was observed in the bleeding arrest scenario, where the effect size (Cohen's d) reached 2.3. The analysis of forgetting curves confirmed the superiority of VR: the skill loss rate in the VR group was 0.25, providing knowledge retention 1.8 times longer than in the control group (0.45). The study confirmed that VR simulations significantly accelerate the formation of automated behaviour patterns and reduce reaction time in extreme conditions. The proposed mathematical assessment model provides objective feedback and standardisation of the rescue training process. The results indicate the high practical value of introducing such tools into training programs for civilian and military structures to minimise losses in real emergencies.
Cite This Paper
Sofia Chyrun, Victoria Vysotska, Lyubomyr Chyrun, Dmytro Uhryn, Zhengbing Hu, Yurii Ushenko, "Information Technology for VR Training Evaluation with First Aid Skills Improvement to Detecting Human Resource Damage in Emergencies based on Behavioural Methods", International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing(IJIGSP), Vol.18, No.2, pp. 151-207, 2026. DOI:10.5815/ijigsp.2026.02.10
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